The main towns of indus valley civilization were harappa, mohenjodaro, kalibangan, lothal. Let us learn about this very important part of our history. Harappa was the first site of this civilization discovered by archaeologists it was an urban civilization. Ine 1479, dublinthe bridgeman art library the trustees. Below the citadel in each city lay a lower town containing brick houses, which were inhabited by. Rediscovering harappa harappa the ancient indus civilization. The main drains ran under the main street, below many lanes buildings and houses. The script has been engraved on the seals and on copper tables. Mohenjodaro whose pattern of civilizaton was similar to the harappan civilization.
Besides, recent archaeological findings indicate that this civilization was spread much beyond the indus valley. The valley of river indus in india was the centre of great civilization. It was the first city of this civilization to be discovered and therefore is considered the type site. The two cities had a circumference of four to five. Harappan civilization town planning town planning was the hallmark of harappan culture harappan towns and cities were built as per grid pattern wherein roads and by lanes bisected each other at right angles. Features of the indus valley civilization indus valley. Main features harappan civilization indus valley civilization history 9 ssc upsc examsone of the oldest civilization of the world indus valley civ.
Salient features of indus valley civilization kalyan sir. What are the important features of an urban culture. This process has begun during the early harappan phase. This civilization is extended far beyond the indus valley.
Chapter 1 bricks, beads and bones the harappan civilization. Majumdar in 1934, a late phase of lndus civilization is illustrated by pottery discovered at the upper levels of jhukar and mohenjodaro. They followed a system of centralized administration. Urbanization is defined as the process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities. Scholars believe that the dravidians were the founders of this civilisation. Rediscovering harappa the ancient indus civilization. Later, it was also part of the mature indus valley civilisation, dating to 26001900 bce. The framework of natures five elements, namely water, earth, fire, air and ether, divided the larger exhibition space into five distinct galleries in which original harappan artefacts from the lahore museums permanent collections were on display. It is also called as harappan civilisation after the name of the first site. It was a bronze age civilization in the northwestern region of south asia.
Its earliest roots can be found from 7000 bc in mehrgarh but its peak urban period is around 2500 to 1900 bc. Dec, 2014 harappa is a large village presently in the province of punjab in pakistan. The salient features of the indus valley civilization. The modern town is a part of and lies next to the ancient city. The material characteristics here includes town planning, pottery, tools and implements, arts and crafts, scripts and subsistence pattern of harappan civilization. As a term, harappa represents the entire indus valley civilization. May 04, 2011 the main features of town planning were use of baked as well as sundried bricks, well planned straight roads and a system of drainage. Spread in western part of indian subcontinent, presently falls in india, pakistan and afghanistan covered an area of about 1. These cultures also shared certain common elements. In this article, we will discuss important points of indus valley civilization for the civil services examination.
Each city was divided into a citadel area where the essential. The harappan civilisation was an urban civilisation. Aug 03, 2016 india before the coming of the aryans. Discuss the salient features of the town planning in indus. From excavations we get to to know that there was flourishing urban architecture. Feb 18, 2021 describe the salient features of the harappan civilization. The main features of this civilization were highquality urban planning and housing style. History features of the harappan civilization youtube. The important features of the harappan civilisation are town planning the harappan civilisation is known for its urban outlook and sophisticated sense of town planning and organisation.
History xi chapter 1 the indus civilization english medium. It is the site of a preindus valley civilisation settlement going back to about 6500 bce. Features of indus valley civilization faculty of juridical. Each of them has two prominent mounds where excavations took place. Ancient indian history harappan civilization tutorialspoint. The archaeologists, mortimer wheeler and stuart piggot believed that the harappan towns had a remarkable unity of conception. Harappa and mohenjodaro each had its own citadel or acropolis, which was possibly occupied by members of the ruling class.
The largescale use of burnt bricks in almost all kinds of constructions and the absence of stone buildings are the important characteristics of the harappan culture. History class 6 features of the harappan civilizationsmart school is next generation product in the ict domain. The harappan cities were generally divided into two main parts the raised area. The discovery is not a result of a particular day but it is a conglomeration of various archaeological findings that has been discovered continuously since 19th century. Apr 20, 2018 indus valley harappan civilisation indus valley civilisation was discovered in 20th century. However, it was the excavation at rangpur which revealed in stratification a general decline in the prosperity of the harappan culture. May 31, 2018 mention any two features of the harappan script. The history of india begins with the birth of the indus valley civilization ivc, also known as harappan civilization. It extended from jammu in the north to the narmada estuary in the south, from the makran coast of balochistan in the west to meerut in the northeast. Its earliest roots can be found from 7000 bc in mehrgarh but its peak urban period is. Icse solutions for class 9 history and civics the harappan. This site in the sindh area of southern pakistan, next to the indus, is thought to have contained around 40,000 inhabitants.
The harappan civilization indus valley civilization. The harappan culture was distinguished by its system of town planning. The town planning of the harappan civilization upholds the fact that the civic establishments of the city were highly developed. However, the first large citystate arises, not in the region of vahia, yadav reconstructing the history of harappan civilization 29 indus valley close to mehrgarh but in a far away region of hakra basin in harappa around 3200 bc and seems to be an indigenous development. The site of harappa is important in that it has provided proof of not just the indus valley civilization as it was in its prime, but also of preceding and succeeding cultures as well and is the only site included in this category. Banerjee at mohenjo daro the remains of the civilization were first noticed at harappa, therefore it is also known as the harappan civilization. Ideology and the harappan civilization columbia university. Discuss the main features of urbanization in harappan. Nov 10, 2020 the largescale use of burnt bricks in almost all kinds of constructions and the absence of stone buildings are the important characteristics of the harappan culture. While the indus valley civilisation was divided into early, mature and late harappan by archaeologists like mortimer wheeler, newer periodisations include the neolithic early farming settlements, and use a stagephase model, often combining terminology from various systems.
Arts of indus valley civilization indian culture series. In 192021, the harappan civilization was discovered in the excavations by d. Essays about the antiquity and extent of the harappan civilization and society essay on dates and features of pre harappan and. The whole period of harappan civilization is in fact divided into three phases.
Till 1920, the relics of the civilization were found only in the indus valley region. Discuss the material characteristics of the harappan. Therefore, it is better it is called as the harappan civilization. The great bath at mohenjodaro comes as an interesting object of discovery of 12 metres in length, 7 metres in breadth and 3 meters deep, the bath was located in a hall 55 metres long and 33 metres wide. Most importantly, the artifacts of harappan civilization is the best sources to study the harappan civilization.
The history of india begins with the birth of the indus valley civilization ivc. Trade networks were established and domestication of crops took place. Following a tradition in archaeology, the civilisation is sometimes referred to as the harappan, after its type site, harappa, the first site to be excavated in the 1920s. The harappan civilization is a pathbreaking discovery that relates us to the ancient indias way of living and lifestyle. This phase is related to hakra, identified in the ghaggarhakra river valley. Among the cities harappa and mohenjodaro are notable. Another remarkable feature was the underground drainage system connecting all houses to the street drains which were covered by stone slabs or bricks. One of the important aspects of the harappan civilization is its apparent. Indus valley civilization town planning town planning in. Mohenjodaro, lothal and other cities are known to have a good drainage system.
The settlement was divided into following sections. Harappa and mohenjodaro are 500 kms apart from each other. Main features the salient components of the fullgrown cityscape consisted of a bipartite citadel, a middle town and a lower town, two stadia, an annexe, a series of reservoirs all set within an enormous fortification running on all four sides. The ruins of mohenjodaro provides evidence to confirm the existence of a. The salient features of the indus valley civilization history. Mention three different kinds of seals discovered of the various sites of the harappan valley civilization. There are three main phases of indus valley civilization. Townplanning of harappan culture your article library. Features of urban planning shortcut the main characteristics of town planning were the following. Harappa, the first discovered site of this civilization was on bank of river ravi, while mohenjodaro was on banks of indus river. Pdf reconstructing the history of harappan civilization.
Jun 20, 2019 important features of indus valley civilization. Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. This phase stands characterized by centralized authority and an increasingly urban quality of life. Harappan culture world civilization lumen learning.
However, it was the excavation at rangpur which revealed in stratification a general decline in the prosperity of the harappan. Houses with kitchens and wells, tanks or water reservoirs. Several periodisations are employed for the periodisation of the indus valley civilisation. May 01, 2016 there was a sophisticated concept of town planning in the indus valley civilization. The indus valley civilisation is named after the indus river system in whose alluvial plains the early sites of the civilisation were identified and excavated. The harappa town planning has amazed the archaeologists worldwide.
All these artifacts included ancient seals, terracotta figurines, shells, bangles, terracotta cakes, perforated jars, potsherds, blades, stone tools, beads, garlands, etc. The discovery was made when harappa, the fist city of indus valley, was excavated. Indus valley civilization facts location arts origin. The most unique feature of the harappan civilisation was the development of urban centres. The sites of the indus valley civilization were excavated under the archaeological survey of india established by the british. A remarkable feature of the rediscovering harappa special exhibition is that it. Rediscovering harappa falls under the genre of museum special. Vahia, yadav reconstructing the history of harappan civilization area would have also produced a lot of nomadic huntergatherers tempted to live by raiding and scavenging on the settled sites. Harappan culture is also named as indus valley civilization, indussaraswati civilization, harappan civilization etc. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short. Mesopotamia was the main trading partner of the harappan people. The most remarkable feature of harappan civilization was its town planning. Indus valley civilisation is known for its harappan culture.
Mohenjodaro is the most wellknown site of harappan civilisation. Important features of harappan civilisation definition. Nov 11, 2014 main features the salient components of the fullgrown cityscape consisted of a bipartite citadel, a middle town and a lower town, two stadia, an annexe, a series of reservoirs all set within an enormous fortification running on all four sides. Key points the indus river valley civilization, also known as harappan civilization, developed the first accurate system of standardized weights and measures. However till the first quarter of the twentieth century the modern world was completely in dark regarding the civilisation. Harappa is known to be a 4700 years old city in the subcontinent which was discovered around the time 1920. The great bath at mohenjodaro comes as an interesting object of discovery of 12 metres in length, 7 metres in breadth and 3 meters deep, the bath was located in a hall 55 metres. Below the citadel in each city lay a lower town containing brick houses, which were inhabited by the common people. The story of harappan civilisation by debashis barman tathya.
Presence of wide streets running in the core area of the settlement. Soon after the discovery of cities like lothal, dholavira, mohenjodaro, and kalibangan have also been discovered and were come to be known as the harappan cities or also the advent of harappan. The most remarkable feature of harappan civilisation was its urbanisation. Describe the distinctive features of domestic architecture of mohenjodaro. Vahia nisha yadav tata institute of fundamental research abstract the harappan civilisation hc was spread over large parts of western region of the indian subcontinent. Modern research on the harappan civiliation, establishing evidence of their contact with the mesopotamian civilization also corroborates this dating. The harappan people had constructed mainly three types of buildingsdwelling houses, pillared halls and public baths. The indus valley was home to the largest of the four ancient urban civilizations of. Harappan civilization is one of the most ancient civilizations of the world. The people of nile valley had constructed huge pyramids, palaces and temples but the indus valley people had given more emphasis on their comforts of life. These, along with dholavira, are called the nucleus cities of the civilization. The most striking feature of harappan civilization is its urban planning.
General features of the harappan civilisation the harappan culture covered parts of punjab, sindh, balochistan, gujarat, rajasthan and the fringes of western uttar pradesh. Harappa mohenjodaro afghanistan pakistan china iran arabian sea india 0 200 400 miles 0 200 400 600 kilometers arrival of aryans approximate limits of harappan civilization map 2. Recent carbon14 dating indicate the period of the mature harappan civilization to be from c. It was believed to be a hub of art and culture and architecture. Drainage system in indus civilization towns was very impressive. As each town was divided into two parts, one part for rulers and other. The main attraction of the harappan culture was the great bath, situated in the fortarea. The indus valley civilisation is also called the harappan culture. The area formed a triangle and accounted for about 1,299,600 square kilometers. Important features of harappan civilisation definition, examples. Harappan culture is another popular term now used for the indus valley civilization. Each city was divided into two parts the raised area called the.
Evolution of harappan civilisation tata institute of fundamental. What were the important features of the harappa civilization. Harappan site, that was found in the indus region in 1921. The harappan civilization was one of the oldest civilization in the indian subcontinent known for its modern structures.
The most interesting urban feature of harappan civilization is its townplanning. The most remarkable feature of the harappan civilization was its urbanisation. Interestingly, inside the city, too, there was an intricate system of fortifications. It is called harappan because the remnants of the civilization was discovered first at the modern site of harappa located in the province of punjab, pakistan. Use of standard weights and measurement throughout the civilization. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short note. The early harappan phase flourished from 3300 bc to 2800 bc. Grid pattern harappa and mohenjo dero were laid out on a grid pattern and had provisions for an advanced drainage system.
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